Ferroelectric PZT thin films by sol-gel deposition

Sol-gel spin coating has a low "thermal budget," is cheap compared to vacuum-based techniques and is now routinely used to produce dense, pore-free ferroelectric films. PbZrxTi(1-x)O-3 (PZT) is utilized in most applications because it has a large remanent polarization, high piezo- and pyroelectric coefficients and optimized electromechanical coupling factors, depending on precise composition. This paper will review some of the principles and applications of PZT films and highlight using transmission electron microscopy some of the basic problems and solutions involved in producing device-quality material on Si-substrates.