Genetic variation in the tissue factor gene is associated with clinical outcome in severe sepsis patients

Introduction: Activation of inflammation and coagulation was closely related and mutually interdependent in sepsis. Tissue factor (TF) and its endogenous inhibitor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) was the main regulators of the initiation of coagulation process. Altered plasma levels of TF and TFPI have been related to worse outcome in sepsis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TF and TFPI genes were associated with risk and outcome for patients with severe sepsis. Methods: Seventeen SNPs in TF and TFPI were genotyped in samples of sepsis (n = 577) and severe sepsis patients (n = 476), and tested for association in this case-control collection. We then investigated correlation between the associated SNPs and the mRNA expression, and protein level of the corresponding gene. The mRNA levels of TF were determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the soluble plasma levels of TF were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Association analysis revealed that three TF SNPs in perfect linkage disequilibrium, rs1361600, rs3917615 and rs958587, were significantly associated with outcome of severe sepsis. G allele frequency of rs1361600 in survivor patients was significantly higher than that in nonsurvivor severe sepsis patients (P = 4.91 x 10(-5), odds ratio (OR) = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33 to 0.69). The association remained significant after adjustment for covariates in multiple logistic regression analysis and for multiple comparisons. Lipopolysaccharide-induced TF-mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects carrying rs1361600 AG and GG genotypes, were significantly lower than those subjects carrying AA genotype (P = 0.0012). Moreover, severe sepsis patients of GG and GA genotypes showed lower serum levels of TF than patients with AA genotype (P-adj = 0.02). The plasma levels of TF were also associated with outcome of severe sepsis patients (P-adj = 0.01). However, genotype and allele analyses did not show any significant difference between sepsis and severe sepsis patients. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that common genetic variation in TF was significantly associated with outcome of severe sepsis in Chinese Han population.