Intense heavy ion beam transport with electric and magnetic quadrupoles

As part of the small induction recirculator development at LLNL we are testing an injector and transport line that delivers 4 mu s beams of potassium with repetition rates up to 10 Hz at a nominal current of 2 mA. The normalized edge equivalent emittance of the beams is near 0.02 mm mrad and is mostly determined by the temperature of the source (0.1 eV). K+ ions generated at 80 keV in a Pierce diode are matched to an alternating gradient transport line by seven electric quadrupoles. Two additional quads have been modified to serve as two-axis steerers. The matching section is followed by a transport section comprised of seven permanent magnet quadrupoles. Matching to this section is achieved by adjusting the voltages on the electric quadrupoles to voltages calculated by an envelope matching code. Measurements of beam envelope parameters are made at the matching section entrance and exit as well as at the end of the permanent magnet transport section. Beam current waveforms along the experiment are compared with results from a one-dimensional longitudinal dynamics code. Initial experiments show particle loss occurring at the beam head as a result of overtaking. Except for this, the beam is transported with essentially no loss of current through the 4.8 m of electric and magnetic focused transport. During transport the emittance increases by approximately 50% from the intrinsic emittance of the source. Some electron effects that have little apparent influence on transport have also been seen. The apparatus is also being used for the development of non- or minimally intercepting diagnostics for future recirculator experiments. These include capacitive monitors for determining beam line change density and position in the recirculator, flying wire scanners for beam position, and gated TV scanners for measuring beam profiles and emittance.