Elemental Detection of Cerium and Gadolinium in Aqueous Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to detect and measure the concentrations of Ce and Gd in aqueous aerosol solutions. A total of 36 standards, with concentrations of Ce and Gd ranging from 100 parts per million (ppm) to 10 000 ppm, were made to explore the relationship between them. In this study, a Collison nebulizer with an argon carrier gas was used to generate the aerosol droplets. For each liquid sample, ten repetitions of 200 laser shots each were recorded. The percent relative standard deviations (% RSD) were on an average of 7.5% between the ten different sample repetitions. Due to the close proximity of the Ce and Gd lines, it was challenging to identify peaks with low interferences. However, several lines were identified, calibration curves were constructed, and the best curves were generated using the 457.228 nm line for Ce and the 409.861 nm line for Gd. The LODs for these curves were calculated to be 209.7 ppm and 216.4 ppm for the Ce line and Gd line, respectively.