Myofibroblasts in the accessory ligament (distal check ligament) and the deep digital flexor tendon of foals

Objective-To demonstrate myofibroblasts in the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon tie, distal check ligament) and deep digital flexor tendon of clinically normal feats. Sample Population-Tissue specimens from 25 foals that were necropsied for reasons unrelated to this study and unrelated to musculoskeletal disease. Procedure-The distal check ligament and deep digital flexor tendon of both forelimbs were examined histologically. Myofibroblasts were identified by immunohistochemical staining specific for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha -SMA). Results-Most of the cells in the distal check ligament and deep digital flexor tendon of all foals stained positive for alpha -SMA. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-Myofibroblasts made up most of the cells in the distal check ligament and deep digital flexor tendon of clinically normal foals. These cells have contractile ability and therefore, may play a role in flexure contracture of these tendons. The ability of tetracycline to chelate calcium or decrease the expression of the contractile protein alpha -smooth muscle actin could inhibit the myofibroblasts' ability to contract, thus providing a rationale for tetracycline administration as a treatment of distal interphalangeal joint flexor deformity in foals.