Geochemistry of MORE and OIB in the Yuejinshan Complex, NE China: Implications for petrogenesis and tectonic setting

The Yuejinshan Complex, a remnant of the late Paleozoic western Paleo-Pacific Ocean, is located between the Jiamusi Massif and the Nadanhada Terrane in NE China. The complex consists of strongly deformed metaclastic rocks, marbles and metabasaltic lavas. The basalts have undergone hydrothermal alteration, greenschist facies regional metamorphism, and surface oxidation. These rocks can be divided into two broad rock groups based on whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics: (1) mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB-type) tholeiites that range in composition from light rare earth element (LREE)-depleted varieties (N-MORB; (La/Sm)(N) < 1), showing highly positive e(Nd)(t) ratios ( + 10.2 to + 10.5), to LREE-enriched tholeiites (E-MORB; (La/Sm)(N) > 1); and (2) ocean island basalt (OIB-type) alkaline lavas, characterized by less positive eNd(t) ratios (+ 6.20 to + 8.61), with significant enrichments in LILE, HFSE, LREE, and MREE, and slight depletions in HREE, relative to average N-MORB. Trace element and isotope systematics indicate that the tholeiitic basaltic rocks were derived from partial melting of a depleted MORE source in the spinel facies mantle, whereas the source of the E-MORB was a depleted MORB mantle (DMM) source significantly enriched by OIB-type components. In contrast, the alkaline basalts were generated from an enriched OIB-type mantle source in the garnet facies and continued melting to spinel facies mantle depths. Therefore, the mafic volcanic rocks of the Yuejinshan Complex, located above the oceanic plate of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean, were most likely derived from chemically heterogeneous mantle sources during back-arc basin spreading and plume-related volcanism. The westwards subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Ocean lithosphere during the late Carboniferous to middle Permian resulted in the back-arc lavas, seamounts, and other oceanic fragments accreting onto the eastern Jiamusi Massif, forming the Yuejinshan Complex.