Climate Change Impacts on Azerbaijan Biodiversity in the Caspian Sea

Hydrological regime of large bodies of water, especially in land, is an integral feature of the climatic variability of most territories of their pool and adjacent regions. These waters include the Caspian Sea. 130 rivers flow to the Caspian Sea, which and none emerges, with catchments basin exceeds approximately 10 times the area of the sea itself and equal 3.5 million quadrat.km, can play the role of climate and environmental indicator not only regional but also global change. Currently, the Caspian region is undergoing major changes in the environment that affect the living conditions of the population of the Caspian States. Ecological problems of the Caspian Sea and coastal zones are the result of extensive economic development in the countries of the region. The coastline of the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea is 825 km. The coastal zone is densely populated and intensively developed. About 40% of the population and the country's industrial facilities are concentrated in the coastal zone. The coast and the bottom are rich with oil and gas. In the region has developed agricultural activities. The coastal area has its own resort and recreational resources. The largess trade port and ferry terminal are in the Caspian Sea in Baku. Socio-economic and ecological problems of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea have arisen as a result of the exploitation of natural resources of the sea and coastal areas. These problems are further exacerbated by abrupt changes in sea level, play an important role in global climate change. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the causes of sea level change, predicting its long-term fluctuations. Vulnerability assessment of the socio-economic conditions, natural resources of the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea for the forthcoming climate change is an urgent task for the Republic of Azerbaijan.