One pot preparation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) or Au (Ag) nanoparticle-RGO hybrids using chitosan as a reducing and stabilizing agent and their use in methanol electrooxidation

An environment-friendly approach to synthesizing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was developed by using chitosan (CS) as both a reducing and a stabilizing agent. Factors that affect the reduction of graphene oxide (GO), such as the ratio of CS/GO, pH and temperature, were explored to obtain optimum reaction conditions. The RGO was characterized with UV visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis shows that CS macromolecules can efficiently reduce GO at a comparatively low temperature and their adsorption onto the RGO nanosheets allows a stable RGO aqueous dispersion to be formed. Since CS is a natural, nontoxic and biodegradable macromolecule, this approach provides a new green method for GO reduction that would facilitate the large scale production of RGO, which has great value for graphene applications. Moreover, CS can reduce GO and AgNO3 (or HAuCl4) in one pot to obtain Ag nanoparticle-RGO hybrids or Au nanoparticle-RGO hybrids that exhibit good electrochemical activity. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.