Surface derivatization with spacer molecules on glutaraldehyde-activated amino-microplates for covalent immobilization of β-glucosidase

Protein molecules immobilized on a hydrophobic polystyrene microplate by passive adsorption lose their activity and suffer considerable denaturation. In this paper, we report a thorough evaluation of a protocol for enzyme immobilization on a microplate with relatively inexpensive reagents, involving glutaraldehyde coupling and spacer molecules, and employing beta-glucosidase as a model enzyme. The recommended conditions for the developed method include 2.5% glutaraldehyde to activate the reaction, 1% chitosan in an HAc solution to increase the binding capacity, 2% bovine serum albumin to block nonspecific binding sites, and 0.1 M NaBH(4) to stabilize Schiff's base intermediates. Using this method, the amount of beta-glucosidase immobilized on amino-microplate was 24-fold with chitosan than without spacer molecules. The procedure is efficient and quite simple, and may thus have potential applications in biosensing and bioreactor systems. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.