Acquisition of Conditioning between Methamphetamine and Cues in Healthy Humans

被引:5
作者
Cavallo, Joel S. [1 ]
Mayo, Leah M. [2 ]
de Wit, Harriet [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC3077, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
[2] Linkoping Univ, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Ctr Social & Affect Neurosci, SE-58183 Linkoping, Sweden
来源
PLOS ONE | 2016年 / 11卷 / 08期
关键词
DRUG-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; D-AMPHETAMINE; COCAINE ADDICTION; ATTENTIONAL BIAS; PLACE PREFERENCE; C57BL/6J MICE; SELF-REPORT; FOOD CUES; RESPONSES; SMOKING;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0161541
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Environmental stimuli repeatedly paired with drugs of abuse can elicit conditioned responses that are thought to promote future drug seeking. We recently showed that healthy volunteers acquired conditioned responses to auditory and visual stimuli after just two pairings with methamphetamine (MA, 20 mg, oral). This study extended these findings by systematically varying the number of drug-stimuli pairings. We expected that more pairings would result in stronger conditioning. Three groups of healthy adults were randomly assigned to receive 1, 2 or 4 pairings (Groups P1, P2 and P4, Ns = 13, 16, 16, respectively) of an auditory-visual stimulus with MA, and another stimulus with placebo (PBO). Drug-cue pairings were administered in an alternating, counterbalanced order, under double-blind conditions, during 4 hr sessions. MA produced prototypic subjective effects (mood, ratings of drug effects) and alterations in physiology (heart rate, blood pressure). Although subjects did not exhibit increased behavioral preference for, or emotional reactivity to, the MA-paired cue after conditioning, they did exhibit an increase in attentional bias (initial gaze) toward the drug-paired stimulus. Further, subjects who had four pairings reported " liking" the MApaired cue more than the PBO cue after conditioning. Thus, the number of drug-stimulus pairings, varying from one to four, had only modest effects on the strength of conditioned responses. Further studies investigating the parameters under which drug conditioning occurs will help to identify risk factors for developing drug abuse, and provide new treatment strategies.
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页数:18
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