Impact of MODIS Quality Control on Temporally Aggregated Urban Surface Temperature and Long-Term Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity

Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) is a phenomenon of high spatial and temporal variability. However, studies that investigate urban land surface temperature (LST) observed in different seasons frequently utilize a single satellite measurement and do not incorporate temporal composites. Temporally aggregated data increase clear sky coverage, which is important in many aspects of urban climatology. However, it is critical to account for possible errors and quality of the data that are utilized. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of MODIS Quality Control (QC) and the view angle on temporally aggregated urban surface temperature and long-term SUHI intensity. To achieve this, a weighted arithmetic mean was utilized whose weights were based on the view angle of satellite observation and the MODIS QC flags; namely, LST retrieval errors and emissivity errors. In order to investigate the impact of the MODIS QC on long-term LST composites, five exponential powers were applied to weights during the temporal aggregation process, resulting in five thresholds of best quality pixel promotion. It was found that there are significant differences between temporal composites that take into account the MODIS QC and the view angle and those that do not (obtained by means of a simple arithmetic mean with no weights applied), in terms of spatial distribution and density distribution of urban and rural LST. The differences were more distinctive in spring or daytime cases than in autumn or nighttime cases. The impact of the MODIS QC and the view angle on temporal composites was highest in the city center. Ten SUHI indicators were utilized. It was found that the impact on long-term SUHI intensity is weaker than on the spatial pattern of LST and that SUHI indicators are inconsistent.