Modern Trends for Peripheral Nerve Repair and Regeneration: Beyond the Hollow Nerve Guidance Conduit

被引:217
作者
Carvalho, Cristiana R. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Oliveira, Joaquim M. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Reis, Rui L. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Univ Minho, 3Bs Res Grp, Headquarters European Inst Excellence Tissue Engn, I3Bs Res Inst Biomat Biodegradables & Biomimet, Guimaraes, Portugal
[2] ICVS 3Bs PT Govt Associate Lab, Braga, Portugal
[3] Headquarters Univ Minho, Discoveries Ctr Regenerat & Precis Med, Avepk, Guimaraes, Portugal
关键词
peripheral nerve; tissue engineering; biomaterials; nerve guidance conduit; luminal fillers; MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; GROWTH-FACTOR DELIVERY; SKIN-DERIVED PRECURSORS; SCHWANN-CELLS; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; GDNF EXPRESSION; ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; AXONAL REGENERATION; NEURITE OUTGROWTH; FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY;
D O I
10.3389/fbioe.2019.00337
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Peripheral nerve repair and regeneration remains among the greatest challenges in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Even though peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are capable of some degree of regeneration, frail recovery is seen even when the best microsurgical technique is applied. PNIs are known to be very incapacitating for the patient, due to the deprivation of motor and sensory abilities. Since there is no optimal solution for tackling this problem up to this day, the evolution in the field is constant, with innovative designs of advanced nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) being reported every day. As a basic concept, a NGC should act as a physical barrier from the external environment, concomitantly acting as physical guidance for the regenerative axons across the gap lesion. NGCs should also be able to retain the naturally released nerve growth factors secreted by the damaged nerve stumps, as well as reducing the invasion of scar tissue-forming fibroblasts to the injury site. Based on the neurobiological knowledge related to the events that succeed after a nerve injury, neuronal subsistence is subjected to the existence of an ideal environment of growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) factors. Therefore, it is known that multifunctional NGCs fabricated through combinatorial approaches are needed to improve the functional and clinical outcomes after PNIs. The present work overviews the current reports dealing with the several features that can be used to improve peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR), ranging from the simple use of hollow NGCs to tissue engineered intraluminal fillers, or to even more advanced strategies, comprising the molecular and gene therapies as well as cell-based therapies.
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页数:30
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