Assessment of Complex Terminal Groundwater Aquifer for Different Use of Oued Souf Valley (Algeria) Using Multivariate Statistical Methods, Geostatistical Modeling, and Water Quality Index

被引:30
|
作者
Barkat, Ayoub [1 ]
Bouaicha, Foued [2 ]
Bouteraa, Oualid [2 ,3 ]
Mester, Tamas [1 ]
Ata, Behnam [4 ]
Balla, Daniel [5 ]
Rahal, Zakaria [6 ]
Szabo, Gyorgy [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Debrecen, Dept Landscape Protect & Environm Geog, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
[2] Univ Freres Mentouri Constantine, Lab Geol & Environm LGE, Constantine 25020, Algeria
[3] Mohamed Boudiaf Univ, Dept Nat & Life Sci, Msila 28000, Algeria
[4] Univ Debrecen, Dept Social Geog & Reg Dev, H-4023 Debrecen, Hungary
[5] Univ Debrecen, Dept Comp Graph & Image Proc, H-4023 Debrecen, Hungary
[6] Don State Tech Univ, Dept Water Supply & Sanitat, Rostov Na Donu 344000, Russia
关键词
complex terminal aquifer; water-rock interaction; multivariate statistical methods; geostatistics; geochemical modeling; WQI; RIVER-BASIN; SAHARA; SUITABILITY; DRINKING; SYSTEM;
D O I
10.3390/w13111609
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
This research aims to assess the hydrogeochemical evolution of the groundwater in Oued souf valley for drinking and irrigation purposes. To achieve this, 49 groundwater samples from the complex terminal were examined and treated concurrently with multivariate statistical methods, geostatistical modeling and the WQI (water quality index). Focusing on the physico-chemical parameters, Q mode clustering analysis detected four major water groups, where the mineralization augmented from group 1 to group 4. The hydro-chemical type was the same, Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4 for all the groups. Calcite, dolomite, anhydrite, and gypsum would be the dominant reactions with the undersaturation of evaporates minerals, based on geochemical modeling, while the carbonate minerals are precipitating. Geostatistical analysis using ordinary Kriging demonstrated the exponential semi-variogram model fitted for EC (electrical conductivity), Ca2+ (calcium), Mg2+ (magnesium), K+ (potassium), HCO3- (bicarbonate), Cl- (chloride), and SO42- (sulfate). At the same time, the rational quadratic model was the best-fitted semi-variogram model for Na+ (sodium) and NO3- (nitrate). EC, SO42-, and NO3- have a strong spatial structure, while Ca2+, Na+, K+, and HCO3- have a moderate spatial structure. Moreover, there was a weak spatial structure for Mg2+ and Cl-. The WQI shows that CT (complex terminal groundwater aquifers) are not suitable for drinking and their quality for irrigation fluctuates from excellent to moderate quality.
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页数:26
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