A review of microstructure and texture evolution during plastic deformation and heat treatment of β-Ti alloys

In the present work, microstructure and texture evolution during plastic deformation and annealing treatment of near beta (beta), meta-stable beta, and stable beta-Ti alloys are reviewed. The evolution of micro structural features such as shear bands (SBs), martensite (alpha ''/alpha '), dislocations and precipitation (omega (omega), and alpha (alpha) phases) during plastic deformations significantly influence the mechanical properties. Further, the microstructure and texture evolution in the deformed beta-Ti alloys also depend on the deformation process like rolling, extrusion, and/or severe plastic deformation (SPD). The formation of alpha-fiber (RD// <110>) and gamma-fiber (ND// <111>) are typically observed in cold-rolled and recrystallized beta-Ti alloys. However, the fiber texture intensities or the volume fraction of these fibers and other texture components (Cube (100) <001>, Rotated Cube (100) <011>, Goss (110) <001> and others) varies from process to process. Dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and dynamic recovery (DRV) are influenced mainly by the imposed strain rate, activated deformation modes, and deformation temperature in beta-Ti alloys. In general, the activation of deformation mechanisms viz. slipping, twinning, kinking, and SBs formation are primarily dependent on the reduction ratio and the composition of the beta-Ti alloys. The formation of SBs and deformation twins contributes to the ductility of the beta-Ti alloy sheets for structural/automotive applications. Moreover, the presence of alpha ''/alpha ' and omega-phase showed an improvement in the strength of beta-Ti alloys. beta-Ti alloys such as TiNb alloys are known for their acceptable biocompatibility and low young's modulus (E, 40-65 GPa). However, the formation of alpha '/alpha '' during plastic deformation leads to lowering of E. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.