Flash Flood Impact Assessment in Jeddah City: An Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach

Floods are among the most destructive natural hazards that cost lives and disrupt the socioeconomic activities of residents, especially in the rapidly growing cities of developing countries. Jeddah, a coastal city situated in Saudi Arabia, has experienced severe flash flood events in recent years. With intense rainfall, extensive coastal developments, and sensitive ecosystems, the city is susceptible to severe flash flood risks. The objective of this article is to apply an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to explore the impacts of flash flood hazards and identify the most effective approaches to reducing the flash flood impacts in Jeddah using expert's opinions. The study utilizes experts' judgments and employs the AHP for data analyses and modeling. The results indicated that property loss has the highest probability of occurrence in the events of a flash flood with a priority level of 42%, followed by productivity loss (28%). Injuries and death were rated the least priority of 18% and 12%, respectively. Concerning flood impact reduction alternatives, river management (41%) and early warning system (38%) are the most favorable options. The findings could assist the government to design appropriate measures to safeguard the lives and properties of the residents. The study concludes by underscoring the significance of incorporating experts' judgments in assessing flash flood impacts.