Carotid artery stenting in high risk patients with carotid artery stenosis not eligible for endarterectomy: Clinical outcome after 5 years

Background: Carotid artery stenting is used as an alternative to surgical endarterectomy. Objectives: To determine the outcome of CAS in a retrospective cohort of patients. Methods: Between July 1999 and March 2003, 56 consecutive patients with carotid artery stenosis who were considered ineligible for surgery were treated (45 males, 11 females, mean age 69), underwent the procedure prior to the introduction of distal protective devices in Israel. Results: Intraprocedural complications included transient neurological findings in 5 patients (8%), cerebrovascular accident in 2 (3%), hemodynamic changes in 11 (18%), and 4 procedural failures. Post-procedural complications included transient ischemic attack in 3 patients and cardiovascular accident in 6 (10%). At 30 days follow-up, three patients (5%) remained with signs of CVA. Two patients (3%) died during the post-procedural period and 16 (28%) during the 5 year follow-up, one due to recurrent CVA and the remainder to non-neurological causes. Five-year carotid Doppler follow-up was performed in 21 (84%), 50-60% restenosis in 3 (12%) and > 70% restenosis in one patients (4%). Conclusions: This study confirms that stent procedures are beneficial for symtomatic carotid stenosis in patients not eligible for surgery.