ACTN3 genotypes of Rugby Union players: Distribution, power output and body composition

Background and aim: To identify the distribution and explore the relationship between ACTN3 genotypes and power and body composition phenotypes. Subjects and methods: Case control and association studies were employed using a homogeneous group of players (n = 102) and a control group (n 110). Power-related phenotypes were measured using the counter movement jump (CMJ) and body composition phenotypes by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Statistics used were Pearson's chi-square, ANCOVA, coefficients of correlation and independent t-tests. Genotyping was carried out using polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic Ddel digestion. Results: Genotype proportions of players were compared with controls (p - 0.07). No significant genotype differences occurred between forwards or backs (p - 0.822) or within-forwards (p - 0.882) or within-backs (p - 0.07). Relative force and velocity were significantly larger in backs, power significantly greater in forwards; in body composition, all phenotypes were significantly greater in forwards than backs. Correlations between phenotypes were greater for the RX genotype (p = 0.05-0.01). Conclusions: Relationships between ACTN3 genotypes and power or body composition-related phenotypes were not significant. As fat increased, power-related phenotypes decreased. As body composition increased, power-related phenotypes increased.