Strange quark matter and compact stars

被引:628
作者
Weber, F [1 ]
机构
[1] San Diego State Univ, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
来源
PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 54, NO 1 | 2004年 / 54卷 / 01期
关键词
nuclear matter; strange matter; quarks; phase transitions; neutron stars;
D O I
10.1016/j.ppnp.2004.07.001
中图分类号
O57 [原子核物理学、高能物理学];
学科分类号
070202 ;
摘要
Astrophysicists distinguish between three different kinds of compact stars. These are white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes. The former contain matter in one of the densest forms found in the Universe which, together with the unprecedented progress in observational astronomy, makes such stars superb astrophysical laboratories for a broad range of most striking physical phenomena. These range from nuclear processes on the stellar surface to processes in electron degenerate matter at subnuclear densities to boson condensates and the existence of new states of baryonic matter-such as color superconducting quark matter-at supernuclear densities. More than that, according to the strange matter hypothesis strange quark matter could be more stable than nuclear matter, in which case neutron stars should be largely composed of pure quark matter possibly enveloped in thin nuclear crusts. Another remarkable implication of the hypothesis is the possible existence of a new class of white dwarfs. This article aims at giving an overview of all these striking physical possibilities, with an emphasis on the astrophysical phenomenology of strange quark matter. Possible observational signatures associated with the theoretically proposed states of matter inside compact stars are discussed as well. They will provide most valuable information about the phase diagram of superdense nuclear matter at high baryon number density but low temperature, which is not accessible to relativistic heavy ion collision experiments. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:193 / 288
页数:96
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