Successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in pregnancy with single-agent all-trans retinoic acid

The diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in pregnancy is an uncommon, life-threatening emergency. Choice of treatment and management of complications are challenging. We report the case of a patient with diagnosis of APL at gestational age (GA) 24 + 4. We describe the interdisciplinary management during pregnancy and delivery and provide a 2-year follow-up. Existing reports on APL in pregnancy are summarized. Single-agent induction therapy with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was started and resulted in normalization of blood cell counts after 32 days. Vaginal delivery of a healthy baby occurred at GA 34 + 4. Consolidation therapy consisted of four courses of ATRA and arsenic trioxide (ATO). Less than 100 cases of APL in pregnancy are published. Misdiagnosis as HELLP syndrome with fatal outcome may occur. Combination therapies (ATRA-plus anthracyclines) were used in the majority of reports. Diagnosis and treatment of APL during pregnancy continues to be a challenge requiring interdisciplinary team work. Single-agent ATRA therapy may evolve as a safe and less-toxic treatment modality.