Risk of Mortality in Individuals with Hip Fracture and Traumatic Brain Injury

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed traumatic brain injury (TBI) in individuals hospitalized with hip fracture and examine its association with all-cause mortality. Design Nested cohort study. Setting National sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2006 to 2010. Participants Beneficiaries aged 65 and older hospitalized with hip fracture. Measurements TBI at the time of hip fracture was defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The main outcome was all-cause mortality during follow-up. Results Prevalence of TBI in individuals with hip fracture was 2.7%. Absolute risk of mortality attributable to TBI in individuals with hip fracture was 15/100 person-years. TBI was significantly associated with risk of death in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio=1.24, 95% confidence interval=1.14-1.35). Conclusion TBI was associated with greater risk of mortality in individuals with hip fracture. Practitioners should consider evaluating for presence of TBI in this vulnerable population. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:124-127, 2019.