Predicting the El Nino and La Nino impact on the coastal zones at the Bay of Bengal and the likelihood of weather patterns in Bangladesh

The present study explores the El Nino and La Nino impacts on coastal areas at the Bay of Bengal in Bangladesh. El Nino and La Nina rise imposes great threats to the existence of coastal vulnerability by affecting water-related resources like fish and various livelihood activities and important ecosystem of the coastal zones of Bangladesh. El Nino and La Nino have a significant relationship with rainfall, temperature and hydrology at the Bay of Bengal in Bangladesh. Both secondary and primary data have been used in this study which were collected from nearest meteorological station of the study area. The results of this study reflected that the monthly maximum temperature of Bangladesh during 1980-2015 increased in February, May-October and nearly equal in other months. The country average monthly maximum temperature slightly increased in winter seasons in December to February. Similarly, during monsoon season, the highest rainfall is in June and July months. In addition, in monsoon seasons, rainfall intensity is high in southeastern and northeastern region. Therefore, Bangladesh government should give more priority to pay proper outlook to these issues as well as take suitable steps to promote strategy to mitigate El Nino and La Nina rise impacts and thus protect the valuable resources, the coastal landscape and people. This study would be helpful to identify the effective success of the addressed problems, in practice, and to develop an adaptation and mitigation strategies. The proposed model could be the pathways to reduce El Nino and La Nino impact on coastal areas in Bangladesh.