Exopolysaccharide microchannels direct bacterial motility and organize multicellular behavior

被引:32
作者
Berleman, James E. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Zemla, Marcin [1 ]
Remis, Jonathan P. [1 ]
Liu, Hong [3 ,4 ]
Davis, Annie E. [3 ]
Worth, Alexandra N. [1 ,2 ]
West, Zachary [1 ,2 ]
Zhang, Angela [1 ]
Park, Hanwool [3 ]
Bosneaga, Elena [1 ]
van Leer, Brandon [5 ]
Tsai, Wenting [1 ]
Zusman, David R. [3 ]
Auer, Manfred [1 ]
机构
[1] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94025 USA
[2] St Marys Coll, Dept Biol, Moraga, CA 94556 USA
[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[4] Shandong Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Microbial Technol, Jinan, Peoples R China
[5] FEI Inc, Hillsboro, OR USA
基金
美国国家卫生研究院;
关键词
MYXOCOCCUS-XANTHUS; GLIDING MOTILITY; IV PILI; MYXOBACTERIA; BIOFILMS; POLYSACCHARIDES; STRAINS; TOMOGRAPHY; FLAGELLA; BIOLOGY;
D O I
10.1038/ismej.2016.60
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
The myxobacteria are a family of soil bacteria that form biofilms of complex architecture, aligned multilayered swarms or fruiting body structures that are simple or branched aggregates containing myxospores. Here, we examined the structural role of matrix exopolysaccharide (EPS) in the organization of these surface-dwelling bacterial cells. Using time-lapse light and fluorescence microscopy, as well as transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) electron microscopy, we found that Myxococcus xanthus cell organization in biofilms is dependent on the formation of EPS microchannels. Cells are highly organized within the three-dimensional structure of EPS microchannels that are required for cell alignment and advancement on surfaces. Mutants lacking EPS showed a lack of cell orientation and poor colony migration. Purified, cell-free EPS retains a channel-like structure, and can complement EPS-mutant motility defects. In addition, EPS provides the cooperative structure for fruiting body formation in both the simple mounds of M. xanthus and the complex, tree-like structures of Chondromyces crocatus. We furthermore investigated the possibility that EPS impacts community structure as a shared resource facilitating cooperative migration among closely related isolates of M. xanthus.
引用
收藏
页码:2620 / 2632
页数:13
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