Neoaortic Xenoprosthetic Grafts for Treatment of Mycotic Aneurysms and Infected Aortic Grafts

Background: There is no international consensus regarding the optimum management of infected aortae (mycotic aneurysms, infected aortic grafts). Neoaortoiliac reconstruction has advantages over extra-anatomical bypass grafting; however, the use of autologous vein is associated with venous hypertension and compartment syndrome, alternatively cadaveric homografts are associated with high rates of perianastomotic hemorrhage, limb occlusion, and pseudoaneurysm. Arterial repair using xenoprosthetic patches is associated with lower infection rates compared to the use of prosthetic material. The aim of this case series and literature review is to report the use of xenoprosthetic bovine biomaterial for neoaortic repair of mycotic aneurysmal disease and infected aortic grafts. Methods: Patients with evidence of infected aortic grafts or mycotic aneurysms who were suitable for open aortic surgery were included. Following removal of the graft/excision of the aneurysmal sac, a 10 x 16 cm XenoSure Biologic Surgical Patch (LeMaitre, Germany) was rolled into a tube, or bifurcated tube graft, and secured with prolene sutures. Proximal and distal anastomoses were conducted as per standard aortic anastomoses. Patients were continued on long-term antibiotics and surveyed with computerized tomography at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Six patients underwent bovine aortic repair between 2013 and 2015: an infected Dacron aortobi-iliac graft causing iliac pseudoaneurysm, an infected Dacron aortic graft from open repair later relined with endovascular stent graft, a mycotic iliac aneurysm, and 3 mycotic aortic aneurysms. All were treated with bovine reconstructed aortic grafts or patches. Patients had a median age of 69.5 years (range 67-75), with perioperative and 30-day mortality of 0%. Median follow-up was 13 months (range 2-23). Postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed no evidence of infection at the operative site in all patients. Freedom from reinfection and reintervention was 100%. Conclusions: Xenoprosthetic (bovine) neoaortic grafts are an alternative method to treat infected aortae with excellent short-term freedom from infection and reintervention. Optimum duration of postoperative antibiotic therapy remains undetermined. Further cases and longer follow-up are required to determine the true efficacy of this technique.