Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and increased left ventricular mass index related to pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic autoimmune disease without pericardial effusion

Purpose: We investigated the relationship of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and LV mass index (LVMI) against pulmonary hypertension (PH) in systemic autoimmune disease (SAD). Methods: A total of 84 SAD patients (68 females; 53 +/- 17 years; systemic lupus erythematosus, 27%; scleroderma, 17%; vasculitis, 16%; mixed connective tissue disease, 13% and polymyositis/dermatomyositis complex, 10%) without significant pericardial effusion (PE) on TTE (Vivid E9, GE) were analyzed. On TTE, PH was defined as peak tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) of >= 2.9 m/s based upon 2015 ESC guideline. Left atrial volume index (LAVI) and E/E' were measured as indicators of LV diastolic dysfunction. LVMI was also measured. Results: Seven patients (8%) had PH. PH patients had greater LAVI (p < 0.001), E/E' (p = 0.004), LVMI (p= 0.009) than non-PH patients. LAVI (R = 0.458), E/E' (R = 0.337), and LVMI (R = 0.313) significantly and positively correlated with TRV (all p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis was performed to explore determinants of TRV. Age, female sex, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were included in all the models. Three multiple regression models were generated using 1) LAVI, 2) E/E', and 3) LVMI and included LAVI, E/E', LVMI, and BNP as significant variables influencing TRV. Multi logistic regression analysis for predicting TRV of >= 2.9m/s showed that LAVI, and E/E' were significant predictors (Odds ratio, 1.296, and 1.370, respectively). Conclusion: In SAD patients without PE, LV diastolic dysfunction and increment of LVMI was closely associated with PH based upon TRV. LAVI and E/E' were independent predictors for PH. Measuring LAVI and E/E' may be a key to determine the mechanism of PH in these patients. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.