Public policies at both the state and federal levels in the United States and a variety of technological and economic changes are poised to significantly alter both the demand for and supply of electricity in the country over the next several decades. These changes will yield a wide range of new challenges and opportunities, including incorporating variable energy sources like wind and solar radiation; adjusting distribution systems to accommodate small-scale, distributed generators; accommodating the charging of electric vehicles and other changes in electricity demand; making the best use of new technologies to ensure reliability and efficiency under changing conditions; responding to threats presented by the vast increase of data communications within the grid; and meeting changing workforce needs. © 2012 IEEE.