Complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the mitochondrial genome of eri-silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

Samia cynthia ricini is a commercial silk-producing insect that is now reared year-round in Korea, with the expectation of being utilized for diverse purposes. In this report, we present the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of S. c. ricini. The 15,384-bp long S. cynthia ricini mitogenome was amplified into 26 short fragments using three long overlapping fragments using primers designed from reported lepidopteran mitogenome sequences. The genome comprises 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes), and one large non-coding region termed the A+T-rich region. The A/T content of the third codon position was 91.7%, which was 18.8% and 21.6% higher than those of first and second codon positions, respectively. The high A/T content in the genome is reflected in codon usage, accounting for 39.5% of A/T-composed codons (TTA, ATT, TTT, and ATA). Unlike a previous report on the start codon for the COI gene, the S. c. ricini COI gene commences with a typical ATT codon. A total of 221 bp of non-coding sequences are dispersed in 17 regions, ranging in size from 1 to 54 bp, which comprise 1.4% of the total genome. One of the non-coding sequence located between tRNA(Gln) and ND2 (54 bp) has 77% sequence homology with the 5'-sequence of the neighboring ND2 gene, suggesting partial duplication of the sequence during evolution. The 361-bp long A+T-rich region contains an 18 bp-long poly-T stretch, ATAGA motif, ATITA element, microsatellite-like A/T sequence, poly-A stretch and one tRNA-like sequence, as typically found in Lepidoptera including Bombycoidea. (C) Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society, 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.