Differential gene expression of MMP-1, TIMP-1 and HGF in clinically involved and uninvolved skin in South Africans with SSc

Objective. To investigate the differential expression of MMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in clinically involved (affected) and uninvolved (unaffected) skin in patients with SSc. Methods. Punch biopsies from affected forearm and unaffected upper back skin of 16 black South Africans with dcSSc and skin samples of 15 ethnically matched healthy controls were studied. Quantitative mRNA expression of MMP-1, TIMP-1 and HGF was performed by relative reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Results. Compared with controls, TIMP-1 expression was significantly upregulated in patients, a 796- and 397-fold difference for affected and unaffected skin (P < 0.00001 for both), respectively. Conversely, MMP-1 expression was significantly decreased in patients, a 10- and 12.5-fold difference for affected and unaffected skin (P = 0.0004 for both), respectively. HGF expression was up-regulated in both affected and unaffected skin, a 14- and 18-fold difference (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002), respectively. Within the patient group, HGF expression in affected skin of patients correlated significantly with the European scleroderma disease activity score (r = 0.60, P = 0.013). Conclusion. Perturbations in gene expression of TIMP-1, MMP-1 and HGF were evident in both affected and unaffected skin of the dcSSc patients. Targeting TIMP-1, which showed the greatest dysregulation, needs to be explored as a way of reducing collagen deposition and fibrosis in dcSSc.