Anesthesia and analgesia during and after surgery in neonates

被引:53
作者
Berde, CB
Jaksic, T
Lynn, AM
Maxwell, LG
Soriano, SG
Tibboel, D
机构
[1] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Anaesthesia, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[2] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[3] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp, Dept Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA
[4] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[5] Univ Washington, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
[6] Univ Penn, Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Anesthesiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
[7] Sophia Childrens Univ Hosp, Erasmus Med Ctr, Rotterdam, Netherlands
关键词
anesthesia; analgesia; newborn; neonate; postoperative care;
D O I
10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.06.020
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
Background: Historically, the use of anesthetics and analgesics in neonates and infants has been based on extrapolations from studies performed in adults and older children. Over the past 20 years, there has been a growing body of research on the clinical pharmacology and clinical outcomes of these agents in neonates and infants. Objective: This article summarizes clinical pharmacology and clinical outcomes studies of oploids, opiold antagonists, sedative-hypnotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen, and local anesthetics in neonates and infants to highlight gaps in the available knowledge, review some concerns about study design, and identify drugs that should receive high priority for future study. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through a search of MEDLINE and a review of textbooks, conference proceedings, and abstracts. The available literature was subjected to expert committee-based review. Conclusions: There is a growing body of information on analgesic and anesthetic pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical outcomes in neonates and infants, permitting safe and effective use in some clinical settings. Major gaps in knowledge persist, however. Future research may involve a combination of clinical trials and preclinical studies in suitable infant animal surrogate models. Copyright (c) 2005 Excerpta Medica, Inc.
引用
收藏
页码:900 / 921
页数:22
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