Background The intraneuronal inclusions called Lewy bodies and neurites, which represent the characteristic pathological changes in Parkinson's disease, are found in the enteric neurons in the great majority of parkinsonian patients. This observation led to a substantial amount of research over the last few years in order to develop a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure in living patients based on gastrointestinal (GI) biopsies. Purpose In this review, we will begin by discussing the studies that focused on the detection of Lewy bodies and neurites in GI biopsies, then broaden the discussion to the pathological changes that also occur in the enteric glial cells and intestinal epithelial cells. We conclude by proposing that a GI biopsy could represent a unique window to assess the whole pathological process of the brain in Parkinson's disease.
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Adler, Charles H.
Dugger, Brittany N.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Dugger, Brittany N.
Hinni, Michael L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Otolaryngol, Phoenix, AZ USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Hinni, Michael L.
Lott, David G.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Otolaryngol, Phoenix, AZ USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Lott, David G.
Driver-Dunckley, Erika
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h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Driver-Dunckley, Erika
Hidalgo, Jose
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h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Hidalgo, Jose
Henry-Watson, Jonette
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h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Henry-Watson, Jonette
Serrano, Geidy
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Serrano, Geidy
Sue, Lucia I.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Sue, Lucia I.
Nagel, Thomas
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Otolaryngol, Phoenix, AZ USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Nagel, Thomas
Duffy, Amy
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Duffy, Amy
Shill, Holly A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Shill, Holly A.
Akiyama, Haruhiko
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tokyo Inst Psychiat, Tokyo, JapanMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Akiyama, Haruhiko
Walker, Douglas G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Walker, Douglas G.
Beach, Thomas G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
机构:
Sun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Beach, Thomas G.
White, Charles L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, SW Med Ctr, Neuropathol Lab, Dallas, TX 75230 USA
Univ Texas Dallas, SW Med Ctr, Pathol Immunohistochem Lab, Dallas, TX 75230 USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
White, Charles L.
Hamilton, Ronald L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Hamilton, Ronald L.
Duda, John E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Philadelphia Vet AVairs Med Ctr, Parkinsons Dis Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Duda, John E.
Iwatsubo, Takeshi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Dept Life Pharmaceut, Tokyo, JapanSun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Iwatsubo, Takeshi
Dickson, Dennis W.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Jacksonville, FL USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Dickson, Dennis W.
Leverenz, James B.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Leverenz, James B.
Roncaroli, Federico
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Clin Neurosci, London, EnglandSun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Roncaroli, Federico
Buttini, Manuel
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Elan Pharmaceut, San Francisco, CA USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Buttini, Manuel
Hladik, Christa L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, SW Med Ctr, Neuropathol Lab, Dallas, TX 75230 USA
Univ Texas Dallas, SW Med Ctr, Pathol Immunohistochem Lab, Dallas, TX 75230 USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Hladik, Christa L.
Sue, Lucia I.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Sun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Sue, Lucia I.
Noorigian, Joseph V.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Philadelphia Vet AVairs Med Ctr, Parkinsons Dis Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Noorigian, Joseph V.
Adler, Charles H.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Scottsdale, AZ USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Adler, Charles H.
Dugger, Brittany N.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Dugger, Brittany N.
Hinni, Michael L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Otolaryngol, Phoenix, AZ USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Hinni, Michael L.
Lott, David G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Otolaryngol, Phoenix, AZ USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Lott, David G.
Driver-Dunckley, Erika
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Driver-Dunckley, Erika
Hidalgo, Jose
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Hidalgo, Jose
Henry-Watson, Jonette
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Henry-Watson, Jonette
Serrano, Geidy
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Serrano, Geidy
Sue, Lucia I.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Sue, Lucia I.
Nagel, Thomas
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Otolaryngol, Phoenix, AZ USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Nagel, Thomas
Duffy, Amy
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USAMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Duffy, Amy
Shill, Holly A.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Shill, Holly A.
Akiyama, Haruhiko
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tokyo Inst Psychiat, Tokyo, JapanMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Akiyama, Haruhiko
Walker, Douglas G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
Walker, Douglas G.
Beach, Thomas G.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Banner Sun Hlth Res Inst, Sun City, South AfricaMayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Parkinsons Dis & Movement Disorders Ctr, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
机构:
Sun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Beach, Thomas G.
White, Charles L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, SW Med Ctr, Neuropathol Lab, Dallas, TX 75230 USA
Univ Texas Dallas, SW Med Ctr, Pathol Immunohistochem Lab, Dallas, TX 75230 USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
White, Charles L.
Hamilton, Ronald L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Pittsburgh, PA USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Hamilton, Ronald L.
Duda, John E.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Philadelphia Vet AVairs Med Ctr, Parkinsons Dis Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Duda, John E.
Iwatsubo, Takeshi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Tokyo, Dept Life Pharmaceut, Tokyo, JapanSun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Iwatsubo, Takeshi
Dickson, Dennis W.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med & Pathol, Jacksonville, FL USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Dickson, Dennis W.
Leverenz, James B.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Washington, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Univ Washington, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Vet Affairs Puget Sound Hlth Care Syst, Seattle, WA USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Leverenz, James B.
Roncaroli, Federico
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Clin Neurosci, London, EnglandSun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Roncaroli, Federico
Buttini, Manuel
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Elan Pharmaceut, San Francisco, CA USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Buttini, Manuel
Hladik, Christa L.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Univ Texas Dallas, SW Med Ctr, Neuropathol Lab, Dallas, TX 75230 USA
Univ Texas Dallas, SW Med Ctr, Pathol Immunohistochem Lab, Dallas, TX 75230 USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Hladik, Christa L.
Sue, Lucia I.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Sun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Sue, Lucia I.
Noorigian, Joseph V.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Philadelphia Vet AVairs Med Ctr, Parkinsons Dis Res Educ & Clin Ctr, Philadelphia, PA USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA
Noorigian, Joseph V.
Adler, Charles H.
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Mayo Clin, Dept Neurol, Scottsdale, AZ USASun Hlth Res Inst, Civin Lab Neuropathol, Sun City, AZ 85351 USA