Solid-state dye-sensitized mesoporous TiO2 solar cells with high photon-to-electron conversion efficiencies

Solar cells based on dye-sensitized mesoporous films of TiO2 are low-cost alternatives to conventional solid-state devices' Impressive solar-to-electrical energy conversion efficiencies have been achieved with such films when used in conjunction with liquid electrolytes(2), Practical advantages may be gained by the replacement of the liquid electrolyte with a solid charge-transport material. Inorganic p-type semiconductors(3,4) and organic materials(5-9) have been tested in this regard, but in all cases the incident monochromatic photon-to-electron conversion efficiency remained low. Here we describe a dye-sensitized heterojunction of TiO2 with the amorphous organic hole-transport material 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9'-spirobifluorene (OMeTAD; refs, 10 and 11). Photoinduced charge-carrier generation at the heterojunction is very efficient, A solar cell based on OMeTAD converts photons to electric current with a high yield of 33%.