The Quality of Fired Aleppo Pine Wood (Pinus Halepensis Mill.) Biomass for Biorefinery Products

Open-air fires or forest fires are becoming a key factor in reducing the forest surface areas and they are one of the major factors of devastation and degradation of forests and forest land and their ecosystems in the Mediterranean, mainly in coastal karst. They cause extreme material and economic damage, and they negatively affect biological and landscape diversity. After the forest fire, significant quantities of fired trees are left behind, representing a significant amount of lignocellulosic biomass available for conversion into a variety of biobased products. The question arises as to what degree they are chemically degraded, or whether they still have the properties required for further application in mechanical or chemical processing. The main aim of this paper was to study the group chemical composition as a biomass chemical property of the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) sapwood before and after the impact of low ground fire and high fire of the treetops at tree height of 0, 2 and 4 m. Therefore, the impact of forest fires on the Allepo pine sapwood group chemical composition was studied in terms of quality for further application in production of biorefinery products. In addition, research results on group chemical composition of the same unfired and fired Aleppo pine wood bark from previous study were used for comparison with sapwood from this study. The obtained results show that the distribution of the main chemical components of Aleppo pine unfired wood bark and sapwood is similar to the results of previous studies for different wood species. That means that the bark contains a significantly higher content of ash, accessory materials (extractives) and lignins, and a significantly lower content of polysaccharides cellulose and polyoses (hemicellulose) than sapwood. The hark results from previous studies show a significant difference in reduced ash, cellulose and lignin content, and in the increased accessory materials and wood polyoses (hemicellulose) content between the unfired and fired wood. Furthermore, the content of individual chemical components of fired bark at different forest fires heights of 0, 2 and 4 m for each sample did not differ significantly. Contrary to fired bark, no significant differences have been observed in the chemical composition of sapwood between unfired andfitrd wood, not even resulting from different forest fires heights. It can be concluded that the forest fire did not have any effect on Aleppo pine sapwood, where the fired wood bark took over all the damage caused by high temperature during the forest fire. In addition, the fired sapwood still retains the chemical properties required for further application in biorefinery biobased products.