Estimation of the genetic admixture composition of Iberian dry-cured ham samples using DNA multilocus genotypes

Under current Spanish regulations, the pigs that provide the raw material for the preparation of the country's most appreciated meatderived product, dry-cured Iberian ham, must be of a specific genetic composition. Only the Duroe breed is accepted for crossing with Iberian pigs, and a maximum of 50%, of the Duroe genome is permitted in the animals used to make this ham. This paper describes it set of statistical procedures for detecting the 'breed composition' of Iberian ham via the use of multiloeus genotypes obtained by the amplification of 25 microsatellite markers. The proposed procedure detected Lip to 20% of ham samples with a genetic Composition incompatible with present legislation either because the Duroe genome was present in a percentage greater than that permitted. or because of the significant presence ( > 25%) of white coat pig genomes. The probability of finding;in illegal cured ham was greater tit restaurants than in retail grocery stores, and in medium-low category restaurants or stores than in higher category establishments, (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.