Assessment of microRNA-146a in generalized aggressive periodontitis and its association with disease severity

Background and Objective MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) is a small noncoding RNA that plays a critical role in the negative regulation of the innate immune response, and the dysregulation of miR-146a has been associated with several inflammatory disorders. In generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) the degree of clinical inflammation appears to be similar to that of chronic periodontitis, and, in this situation, age of onset and family history are important additional criteria for diagnosis. This study was performed to evaluate the level of miR-146a expressed in gingival tissues of patients with GAgP and its association with disease severity. Material and Methods Gingival samples from 18 patients with GAgP and 10 healthy subjects were collected and the level of miR-146a and its targets, including necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6, were assessed using real-time PCR. Clinical parameters, including probing depth and clinical attachment loss, were measured and their correlations with the level of miR-146a were determined. Results Our results demonstrated an elevation in the level of miR-146a expressed in patients with GAgP compared with healthy controls (P < .001), which was directly associated with disease severity (P < .05). Overexpression of miR-146a was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions Our findings suggest that there is an association between miR-146a and GAgP and imply that miR-146a may serve as an indicator of periodontal disease severity. However, further studies and additional information are required to confirm this relationship and the precise role of miR-146a in the development and/or progression of periodontitis.