An Efficient Biosurfactant by Pseudomonas stutzeri Z12 Isolated from an Extreme Environment for Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Hydrocarbons

Capability of a biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri Z12 for the removal of hydrocarbons from oily sludge contaminated soil was investigated. The effect of operating parameters, including pH, critical micelle concentration (CMC), salinity, and contact time were studied. The chemical structure of produced biosurfactant was characterized using FTIR and LC-MS-MS analysis, which revealed that the extracted biosurfactant was a combination of both mono- and di-rhamnolipid congeners. The main three congeners RhaC(12:1)C(10) (529.9 m z(-1)), RhaC(12)C(10) (531 m z(-1)), and RhaC(10)C(10) (503.2 m z(-1)) were associated to mono-rhamnolipid, while five congeners, RhaRhaC(10)C(8) (621.2 m z(-1)), RhaRhaC(12)C(12) (707.7), RhaRhaC(10)C(12) (677.1), RhaRhaC(10)C(12:1) (675.3 m z(-1)), and RhaRhaC(10)C(1) (649.5 m z(-1)) were associated to di-rhamnolipid structures. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was 80 mg L-1, and emulsification index (E-24) values for n-hexade-cane, n-hexane, kerosene, diesel oil, xylene, and crude oil were 62.1, 57.6, 54.4, 41.5, 46.9, and 30.2 %, respectively.