Recent Developments in Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis

被引:50
作者
Poloni, Guy [1 ]
Minagar, Alireza [2 ]
Haacke, E. Mark [3 ]
Zivadinov, Robert
机构
[1] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Neurol, Jacobs Neurol Inst, Sch Med & Biomed Sci,Buffalo Neuroimaging Anal Ct, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA
[2] Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol, Shreveport, LA 71105 USA
[3] Wayne State Univ, Dept Radiol, MR Res Facil, Detroit, MI USA
关键词
multiple sclerosis; magnetic resonance imaging; lesion pathology; brain atrophy; magnetization transfer imaging; diffusion imaging; functional MRI; myelin water fraction; susceptibility-weighted imaging; APPEARING WHITE-MATTER; CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROMES; MAGNETIZATION-TRANSFER RATIO; ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONAL-CHANGES; MR SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; GADOLINIUM-ENHANCED MRI; RELAPSING-REMITTING MS; T1-WEIGHTED SPIN-ECHO; MYELIN WATER FRACTION; LONG-TERM DISABILITY;
D O I
10.1097/NRL.0b013e31821a2643
中图分类号
R74 [神经病学与精神病学];
学科分类号
摘要
Backgound: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Metrics derived from conventional MRI are now routinely used to detect therapeutic effects and extend clinical observations. Conventional MRI measures have insufficient sensitivity and specificity to reveal the true degree of pathologic changes occurring in MS. T2-weighted and T1-weighted imaging cannot distinguish between inflammation, edema, demyelination, Wallerian degeneration, and axonal loss. Nonconventional MRI techniques are now emerging and proving to be more related with the most disabling features of MS. Review Summary: The large variety of MRI metrics presently available are summarized, including measurement of T1-weighted hypointense lesions, central nervous system atrophy, magnetization transfer imaging, myelin water fraction, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and susceptibility-weighted imaging. The most up-to-date MRI techniques and their relationship with central nervous system pathology are described, and a comprehensive overview of the use of MRI in patients with MS is offered. Conclusions: Advanced MRI techniques provide a better understanding of the pathologic processes that most likely are related to disease activity and clinical progression. Such metrics are able to reveal a range of tissue changes that include demyelination, axonal loss, iron deposition, and neurodegeneration and they provide the evidence that important occult pathology is occurring in the normal appearing white and gray matter. Despite these promising results none of these techniques have been adopted in the MRI consensus guidelines for imaging of the brain and spinal cord in patients with MS due to lack of standardization.
引用
收藏
页码:185 / 204
页数:20
相关论文
共 193 条
[1]   Magnetization transfer MRI metrics predict the accumulation of disability 8 years later in patients with multiple sclerosis [J].
Agosta, Federica ;
Rovaris, Marco ;
Pagani, Elisabetta ;
Sormani, Maria Pia ;
Comi, Giancarlo ;
Filippi, Massimo .
BRAIN, 2006, 129 :2620-2627
[2]   Yield of diffusion-weighted MRI for detection of potentially relevant findings in stroke patients [J].
Albers, GW ;
Lansberg, MG ;
Norbash, AM ;
Tong, DC ;
O'Brien, MW ;
Woolfenden, AR ;
Marks, MP ;
Moseley, ME .
NEUROLOGY, 2000, 54 (08) :1562-1567
[3]   Magnetic resonance imaging measures of brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis [J].
Anderson, VM ;
Fox, NC ;
Miller, DH .
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, 2006, 23 (05) :605-618
[4]   PROTON MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING FOR METABOLIC CHARACTERIZATION OF DEMYELINATING PLAQUES [J].
ARNOLD, DL ;
MATTHEWS, PM ;
FRANCIS, GS ;
OCONNOR, J ;
ANTEL, JP .
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, 1992, 31 (03) :235-241
[5]  
Bagnato F, 2006, AM J NEURORADIOL, V27, P2161
[6]   Evolution of T1 black holes in patients with multiple sclerosis imaged monthly for 4 years [J].
Bagnato, F ;
Jeffries, N ;
Richert, ND ;
Stone, RD ;
Ohayon, JM ;
McFarland, HF ;
Frank, JA .
BRAIN, 2003, 126 :1782-1789
[7]   Gray matter T2 hypointensity is related to plaques and atrophy in the brains of multiple sclerosis patients [J].
Bakshi, R ;
Dmochowski, J ;
Shaikh, ZA ;
Jacobs, L .
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES, 2001, 185 (01) :19-26
[8]  
Bakshi Rohit, 2005, NeuroRx, V2, P277, DOI 10.1007/BF03206672
[9]   Improving interobserver variation in reporting gadolinium-enhanced MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis [J].
Barkhof, F ;
Filippi, M ;
van Waesberghe, JH ;
Molyneux, P ;
Rovaris, M ;
Nijeholt, GLA ;
Tubridy, N ;
Miller, DH ;
Yousry, TA ;
Radue, EW ;
Adèr, HJ .
NEUROLOGY, 1997, 49 (06) :1682-1688
[10]   Remyelinated lesions in multiple sclerosis -: Magnetic resonance image appearance [J].
Barkhof, F ;
Brück, W ;
De Groot, CJA ;
Bergers, E ;
Hulshof, S ;
Geurts, J ;
Polman, CH ;
van der Valk, P .
ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY, 2003, 60 (08) :1073-1081