Adiposity and body mass index of young women are associated with altered 24-hour profile of wrist temperature and sleep quality

Sleep alterations are linked to circadian disturbances; however, these variables are also related with adiposity, which could impair the study of the previous relationship. Here, we investigated whether the association between adiposity and impaired circadian health is independent of sleep and circadian related variables in a sample of young women. One hundred ninety-two women (18-30 years of age) participated in this cross-sectional study. To evaluate circadian rhythmicity, subjects wore a temperature sensor for six consecutive days, and variables related with the amplitude and stability of the rhythm were calculated. We also assessed adiposity markers (body mass index [BMI], fat mass, waist, and hip circumference), sleep and circadian variables (sleep schedules and quality, social jet lag, and chronotype), energy intake, and physical activity. Partial correlations were conducted to test the associations between circadian and sleep-related variables with adiposity markers. Results showed the circadian pattern of temperature clearly depended on BMI and, to a lesser extent, on sleep variables. Specifically, we showed that higher adiposity was significantly associated with lower amplitude, percentage of variance explained by the rhythm, and intradaily variability and L10 values of the temperature 24 h rhythm. Furthermore, sleep quality was the only variable significantly related with both adiposity and circadian pattern of wrist temperature, while social jet lag and chronotype were only associated with the circadian pattern of temperature. Therefore, we consider BMI should be taken into account when sleep health or disturbances are studied by means of circadian rhythm analyses.