Comparison of sources of task-related information during motor skill acquisition and performance of a complex motor task

One hundred and twenty right-handed participants were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups to examine the influence of task-related information sources during acquisition and performance of a complex motor skill: (1) a model demonstration-only group; (2) a model demonstration and physical practice group with KP; (3) a model demonstration and physical practice group without KP; (4) a physical practice group without KP; (5) a physical practice group with KP or (6) verbal instructions only. Cognitive representation was assessed five times using a recognition test and a temporal timing test. Performance accuracy was assessed during immediate performance practice trials and after a 72 hour retention period using a sequential accuracy test and a temporal accuracy test. Results showed the combination of model demonstrations and physical practice with KP was superior to the other singular sources or combinations of sources in both CR development and performance accuracy. Results also indicate that various sources of task-related information provide different types of information since spatial accuracy was enhanced by observing more demonstrations while timing accuracy was enhanced with physical practice (either with or without KP).