Arenium cation as the key intermediate of the electrosynthesis of N-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)azoles.: A new approach to the synthesis of N-(dimethoxyphenyl)azoles

Data on the effect of the acid-base properties of the medium on the yield and composition of the products of N-dimethoxyphenylation of azoles (pyrazole, triazole, their substituted derivatives, and tetrazole) upon galvanostatic electrolysis of azole-1,4-dimethoxybenzene mixtures in nucleophilic (MeOH) and neutral (MeCN) media were considered and the trends of this process were discussed. The generation of arenium cations (1,4-dimethoxy-1-azolylbenzenium in MeCN and 1,1,4-trimethoxybenzenium in MeOH) as the key intermediates of electrosynthesis of N-(dimethoxyphenyl)azoles, was proved experimentally. A new approach to the synthesis of N-(dimethoxyphenyl)azoles through electrosynthesis of 1,1,4,4-tetramethoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene by electrooxidation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene in MeOH as the first step and the reaction of this quinone diketal with azoles as the second step was suggested. The efficiency of this route to N-(dimethoxyphenyl)azoles is comparable with the efficiency of the purely electrochemical one-step process.