Molecular biology of aquaporins

被引:60
作者
Ishibashi, K [1 ]
Kuwahara, M
Sasaki, S
机构
[1] Jichi Med Sch, Dept Pharmacol, Kawachi, Tochigi 3290498, Japan
[2] Tokyo Med & Dent Univ, Tokyo, Japan
来源
REVIEWS OF PHYSIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY 141 | 2000年 / 141卷
关键词
D O I
10.1007/BFb0119576
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Water transport across the plasma membrane is important for fluid absorption and/or secretion as well as cell volume regulation. Water is transported through biological membrane in two mechanisms: diffusional transport and water channel mediated transport. Despite its low lipid permeability, water has high permeability for almost all cell membranes (a possible exception is the apical membrane of thick ascending limb of Henle of kidney) to prevent the development of osmolarity gradient across cell membranes. This water flux occurs by diffusion driven by osmotic and hydraulic forces that arise from active transport of ions and osmotic solutes. On the other hand, highly specialized cells that transport bulk of water rapidly are equipped with aqueous transmembrane pathways, pores. They are named water channels or aquaporins (AQPs). Recent molecular clonings of water channels have given the insight into molecular mechanisms of water transport in highly water permeable membranes. Many isoforms of AQPs are identified and they distribute widely. AQPs belong to MIP family. MIP family was named after the first sequenced member of this family, the major intrinsic protein (MIP) of lens fiber cell membrane. The number of the members of MIP family is now increasing mainly due to EST and genome projects. Every organism seems to have some members of MIP family with limited exceptions. Some of them also function as small non-ionic solute channels. In this review, we will focus on the diversity of aquaporins as members of MIP family (AQP/MIP family). More extensive current reviews on the functional aspects of AQPs are presented in this journal and in the literature [1-6]. We will update the current members of AQPs in mammals. Much more expanding members of plant AQPs (at least 25 in Arabidopsis thaliana)[7] and AQPs in lower organisms such as C. elegans, yeast, and bacteria will also be included. As some of the genome projects have been completed and all members of MIP family in these organisms are identified, it will be possible to discuss the evolutional aspects of MIP family. The references cited in this review are limited only to the recent ones. The original and older references are easily found in the recent related references and the previous extensive reviews in this field [1, 7].
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页码:1 / 32
页数:32
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