The COP9/signalosome increases the efficiency of von hippel-lindau protein ubiquitin ligase-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-α ubiquitination

Oxygen-dependent ubiquitination of the alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-alpha) by the (von Hippel-Lindau protein)-Elongin B/C-Cullin2-Rbx1 (VBC-Cul2) ubiquitin ligase, a member of the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), plays a central role in controlling oxygen metabolism. Nedd8 conjugation of cullins enhances the ligase activity of CRLs, and the COP9/ signalosome (CSN) enhances the degradation of several CRL substrates, although it removes Nedd8 from cullins. Here we demonstrate that CSN increased the efficiency of the VBC-Cul2 complex for recognizing and ubiquitinating substrates by facilitating the dissociation of ubiquitinated substrates from the pVHL subunit of the complex. Moreover CSN enhanced HIF-1 alpha degradation by promoting the dissociation of HIF-1 alpha from pVHL in cells. The length of the polyubiquitin chain conjugated to the substrate appeared to be involved in CSN-mediated dissociation of the substrate from pVHL. In contrast to other mechanisms underlying CSN-mediated activation of CRLs, the dissociation of ubiquitinated substrates from pVHL did not require the deneddylation activity of CSN, implying that CSN enhances degradation of CRL substrates by multiple mechanisms.