Monitoring of the radio galaxy M 87 during a low -emission state from m 2012 to 2015 with MAGIC

被引:35
作者
Acciari, V. A. [1 ,2 ]
Ansoldi, S. [3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ]
Antonelli, L. A. [9 ]
Engels, A. Arbet [10 ]
Arcaro, C. [11 ,12 ]
Baack, D. [13 ]
Babic, A. [14 ,15 ,16 ,17 ]
Banerjee, B. [18 ]
Bangale, P. [19 ]
Barres de Almeida, U. [20 ]
Barrio, J. A. [21 ,22 ]
Becerra Gonzalez, J. [1 ,2 ]
Bednarek, W. [23 ]
Bellizzi, L. [24 ,25 ]
Bernardini, E. [26 ,27 ,28 ]
Berti, A. [29 ]
Besenrieder, J. [19 ]
Bhattacharyya, W. [26 ]
Bigongiari, C. [9 ]
Biland, A. [10 ]
Blanch, O. [30 ]
Bonnoli, G. [24 ,25 ]
Bosnjak, Z. [14 ,15 ,16 ,17 ]
Busetto, G. [27 ,28 ]
Carosi, R. [31 ,32 ]
Ceribella, G. [19 ]
Chai, Y. [19 ]
Chilingaryan, A. [33 ]
Cikota, S. [14 ,15 ,16 ,17 ]
Colak, S. M. [30 ]
Colin, U. [19 ]
Colombo, E. [1 ,2 ]
Contreras, J. L. [21 ,22 ]
Cortina, J. [34 ]
Covino, S. [9 ]
D'Elia, V [9 ]
Da Vela, P. [31 ,32 ]
Dazzi, F. [9 ]
De Angelis, A. [27 ,28 ]
De Lotto, B. [3 ,4 ]
Delfino, M. [30 ,35 ]
Delgado, J. [30 ,35 ]
Depaoli, D. [29 ]
Di Pierro, F. [29 ]
Di Venere, L. [29 ]
Do Souto Espineira, E. [30 ]
Prester, D. Dominis [14 ,15 ,16 ,17 ]
Donini, A. [3 ,4 ]
Dorner, D. [36 ]
Doro, M. [27 ,28 ]
机构
[1] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain
[2] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain
[3] Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
[4] INFN Trieste, I-33100 Udine, Italy
[5] Univ Tokyo, Japanese MAGIC Consortium ICRR, Tokyo 2778582, Japan
[6] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan
[7] Tokai Univ, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591292, Japan
[8] RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
[9] Natl Inst Astrophys INAF, I-00136 Rome, Italy
[10] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
[11] North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa
[12] INAF, Osservatorio Astron Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padua, Italy
[13] Tech Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany
[14] Univ Rijeka, Dept Phys, Croatian Consortium, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
[15] Univ Split, FESB, Split 21000, Croatia
[16] Univ Zagreb, FER, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
[17] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
[18] HBNI, Saha Inst Nucl Phys, 1 AF Bidhannagai,Sect 1, Kolkata 700064, India
[19] Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, D-80805 Munich, Germany
[20] CBPF, BR-22290180 Urca, RJ, Brazil
[21] Univ Complutense Madrid, IPARCOS Inst, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
[22] Univ Complutense Madrid, EMFTEL Dept, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
[23] Univ Lodz, Dept Astrophys, PL-90236 Lodz, Poland
[24] Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
[25] INFN Pisa, I-53100 Siena, Italy
[26] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany
[27] Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[28] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy
[29] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00044 Rome, Italy
[30] Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, IFAE, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
[31] Univ Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[32] INFN Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
[33] NAS RA, ICRANet Armenia, Yerevan 0019, Armenia
[34] Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
[35] PIC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
[36] Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany
[37] Univ Turku, Finnish MAGIC Consortium Finnish Ctr Astron ESO F, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
[38] Univ Oulu, Astron Res Unit, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
[39] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
[40] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CERES IEEC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
[41] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
[42] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BG-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
[43] Univ Barcelona, ICCUB, IEEC UB, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
[44] INAF Trieste, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
[45] Univ Bologna, Dept Phys & Astron, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
[46] Univ Tokyo, ICRR, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778582, Japan
[47] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa VLBI Observ, 2-12 Hoshigaoka Cho, Oshu, Iwate 0230861, Japan
[48] Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Dept Astron Sci, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan
[49] Smithsonian Astrophys Observ, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[50] INAF, Ist Radioastron, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
基金
美国国家航空航天局; 英国科学技术设施理事会;
关键词
radiation mechanisms non-thermal; galaxies active; galaxies individual M 87; galaxies jets; gamma rays galaxies; SPACE-TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS; GAMMA-RAY EMISSION; M87; JET; TEV EMISSION; VARIABILITY; PERFORMANCE; RADIATION; HST-1; ACCELERATION; VICINITY;
D O I
10.1093/mnras/staa014
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
M 87 is one of the closest (z = 0.004 36) extragalactic sources emitting at very high energies (VHF, E > 100 GeV). The aim of this work is to locale the region of the VHF gamma-ray emission and to describe the observed broad-band spectral energy distribution (SED) during the low VHF gamma-ray state. The data from M 87 collected between 2012 and 2015 as part of a MAGIC monitoring programme are analysed and combined with multiwavelength data from Fermi-LAT, Chandra, HST, FVN, VLBA, and the Liverpool Telescope. The averaged VHE gamma-ray spectrum can be fitted from 100 GeV to 10 TeV with a simple power law with a photon index of (-2.41 0.07), while the integral flux above 300 GeV is (1.44 0.13) x 10-12 cm 2 s I. During the campaign between 2012 and 2015, M87 is generally found in a low-emission state at all observed wavelengths. The VIIE gamma-ray flux from the present 2012-2015M 87 campaign is consistent with a constant flux with some hint of variability ( 3 a) on a daily time-scale in 2013. The low-state gamma-ray emission likely originates from the same region as the flare-state emission. Given the broad-band SED, both a leptonic synchrotron self-Compton and a hybrid photohadronic model reproduce the available data well, even if the latter is preferred. We note, however, that the energy stored in the magnetic field in the leptonic scenario is very low, suggesting a matter-dominated emission region.
引用
收藏
页码:5354 / 5365
页数:12
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