A somatosensory cortex input to the caudal dorsolateral striatum controls comorbid anxiety in persistent pain

Chronic pain and anxiety symptoms are frequently encountered clinically, but the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the comorbid anxiety symptoms in pain (CASP) in context of chronic pain remain unclear. Using viral neuronal tracing in mice, we identified a previously unknown pathway whereby glutamatergic neurons from layer 5 of the hindlimb primary somatosensory cortex (S1) (Glu(S1)), a well-known brain region involved in pain processing, project to GABAergic neurons in the caudal dorsolateral striatum (GABA(cDLS)). In a persistent inflammatory pain model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant injection, enhanced excitation of the Glu(S1)-> GABA(cDLS) pathway was found in mice exhibiting CASP. Reversing this pathway using chemogenetic or optogenetic approaches alleviated CASP. In addition, the optical activation of Glu(S1) terminals in the cDLS produced anxiety-like behaviors in naive mice. Overall, the current study demonstrates the putative importance of a novel Glu(S1)-> GABA(cDLS) pathway in controlling at least some aspects of CASP.