Considering English varieties in Indonesia's EFL teaching and learning

The perceived significance of English as a global language in Indonesia can be seen mostly in its educational context, with its prominent position culminating in the National Examinations. Despite numerous efforts and actions taken, English learning at schools in Indonesia has been less successful to produce learners with communicative competence. This paper highlights the current emphasis on Standard English and correct grammar during the learning process, which does not likely provide sufficient time and supporting environment for most learners to speak English frequently and in a relaxed way. This mixed-methods study collected its data through survey, interview and observation. The findings indicate that as an 'expanding circle' country, Indonesia also needs to consider a non-native English variety in its school contexts. This study proposes two phases of EFL teaching and learning: early years focusing on general English and oral competence and later years on academic or other specific purposes and reading competence.