Streptococcus suis contains multiple phase-variable methyltransferases that show a discrete lineage distribution

被引:24
作者
Atack, John M. [1 ]
Weinert, Lucy A. [2 ]
Tucker, Alexander W. [2 ]
Husna, Asma U. [1 ]
Wileman, Thomas M. [2 ]
Hadjirin, Nazreen F. [2 ]
Hoa, Ngo T. [3 ,4 ]
Parkhill, Julian [5 ]
Maskell, Duncan J. [2 ,7 ]
Blackall, Patrick J. [6 ]
Jennings, Michael P. [1 ]
机构
[1] Griffith Univ, Inst Glyc, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia
[2] Univ Cambridge, Dept Vet Med, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England
[3] OUCRU, 764 Vo Van Kiet,Quan 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
[4] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Med, Oxford OX3 7BN, England
[5] Wellcome Sanger Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SA, England
[6] Univ Queensland, Queensland Alliance Agr & Food Innovat, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia
[7] Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
基金
英国惠康基金; 英国医学研究理事会; 澳大利亚研究理事会; 英国生物技术与生命科学研究理事会; 澳大利亚国家健康与医学研究理事会;
关键词
DNA METHYLTRANSFERASES; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; MODIFICATION ENZYMES; GENES; RESTRICTION; REPEATS; PROTEIN; PHASEVARION; HEMOGLOBIN; EXPRESSION;
D O I
10.1093/nar/gky913
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Streptococcus suis is a major pathogen of swine, responsible for a number of chronic and acute infections, and is also emerging as a major zoonotic pathogen, particularly in South-East Asia. Our study of a diverse population of S. suis shows that this organism contains both Type I and Type III phase-variable methyltransferases. In all previous examples, phase-variation of methyltransferases results in genome wide methylation differences, and results in differential regulation of multiple genes, a system known as the phasevarion (phase-variable regulon). We hypothesized that each variant in the Type I and Type III systems encoded a methyltransferase with a unique specificity, and could therefore control a distinct phasevarion, either by recombination-driven shuffling between different specificities (Type I) or by biphasic on-off switching via simple sequence repeats (Type III). Here, we present the identification of the target specificities for each Type III allelic variant from S. suis using single-molecule, real-time methylome analysis. We demonstrate phase-variation is occurring in both Type I and Type III methyltransferases, and show a distinct association between methyltransferase type and presence, and population clades. In addition, we show that the phase-variable Type I methyltransferase was likely acquired at the origin of a highly virulent zoonotic sub-population.
引用
收藏
页码:11466 / 11476
页数:11
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