The Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer

被引:556
作者
Pernar, Claire H. [1 ]
Ebot, Ericka M. [1 ]
Wilson, Kathryn M. [1 ]
Mucci, Lorelei A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Harvard TH Chan Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
关键词
SERUM VITAMIN-D; BODY-MASS INDEX; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; NIH-AARP DIET; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DAIRY-PRODUCTS; COFFEE CONSUMPTION; CALCIUM INTAKE; SUBSEQUENT RISK; STATIN USE;
D O I
10.1101/cshperspect.a030361
中图分类号
R-3 [医学研究方法]; R3 [基础医学];
学科分类号
1001 ;
摘要
Prostate cancer is a major cause of disease and mortality among men, and each year 1.6 million men are diagnosed with and 366,000 men die of prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the state of evidence for specific genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors associated with prostate cancer risk. Given the biological heterogeneity of this cancer, we focus on risk factors for advanced or fatal prostate cancer. First, we provide descriptive epidemiology statistics and patterns for prostate cancer incidence and mortality around the world. This includes discussion of the impact of prostate-specific antigen screening on prostate cancer epidemiology. Next, we summarize evidence for selected risk factors for which there is strong or probable evidence of an association: genetics, obesity and weight change, physical activity, smoking, lycopene and tomatoes, fish, vitamin D and calcium, and statins. Finally, we highlight future directions for prostate cancer epidemiology research.
引用
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页数:18
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