Microglia: Activation and their significance in the central nervous system

被引:291
作者
Nakajima, K
Kohsaka, S
机构
[1] Natl Inst Neurosci, Dept Neurochem, Tokyo 1878502, Japan
[2] Soka Univ, Inst Life Sci, Tokyo, Japan
关键词
cytotoxic molecules; microglia; neurotrophic molecules; pathology; phagocytes;
D O I
10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a002969
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Microglia are resident monocyte-lineaged cells in the brain. Their characteristic feature is that they react to injury and diseases of the brain and become morphologically and functionally activated. Although some triggar molecules which activate microglia are predicted to be released from injured or affected cells, such molecules have not yet been identified. The main role of activated microglia is believed to be in brain defense, as scavengers of dead cells, and as immune or immunoeffector cells. Recent biochemical and neurobiological studies have further indicated that they significantly affect the pathological state and/or regulate the regenerative state and remodeling of the brain by producing a variety of biologically active molecules including cytotoxic and neurotrophic molecules.
引用
收藏
页码:169 / 175
页数:7
相关论文
共 43 条
[1]   Leukemia inhibitory factor is expressed in astrocytes following cortical brain injury [J].
Banner, LR ;
Moayeri, NN ;
Patterson, PH .
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY, 1997, 147 (01) :1-9
[2]   TROPHIC FACTORS AND NEURONAL SURVIVAL [J].
BARDE, YA .
NEURON, 1989, 2 (06) :1525-1534
[3]   MICROGLIAL-PRODUCED NITRIC-OXIDE AND REACTIVE NITROGEN-OXIDES MEDIATE NEURONAL CELL-DEATH [J].
BOJE, KM ;
ARORA, PK .
BRAIN RESEARCH, 1992, 587 (02) :250-256
[4]   The transforming growth factor-βs:: Structure, signaling, and roles in nervous system development and functions [J].
Böttner, M ;
Krieglstein, K ;
Unsicker, K .
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, 2000, 75 (06) :2227-2240
[5]  
Chao MV, 2000, J NEUROSCI RES, V59, P353, DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000201)59:3<353::AID-JNR8>3.0.CO
[6]  
2-S
[7]   TUMOR NECROSIS FACTORS PROTECT NEURONS AGAINST METABOLIC EXCITOTOXIC INSULTS AND PROMOTE MAINTENANCE OF CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS [J].
CHENG, B ;
CHRISTAKOS, S ;
MATTSON, MP .
NEURON, 1994, 12 (01) :139-153
[8]   PRODUCTION OF SUPEROXIDE ANIONS BY A CNS MACROPHAGE, THE MICROGLIA [J].
COLTON, CA ;
GILBERT, DL .
FEBS LETTERS, 1987, 223 (02) :284-288
[9]  
del Rio-Hortega P, 1932, CYTOLOGY CELLULAR PA, V11, P481
[10]  
Elkabes S, 1996, J NEUROSCI, V16, P2508