Is Ultrasound a Better Target than Clinical Disease Activity Scores in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Fibromyalgia? A Case-Control Study

Objectives Our goal is to study the correlations among gray-scale seven-joint ultrasound score (GS-US7), power Doppler seven-joint ultrasound score (PD-US7), disease activity score-28 joints (DAS28), simplified disease activity index (SDAI) and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) in patients with and without fibromyalgia (FM). Methods A matched case-control study included all patients consecutively seen in the Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Clinic. Participants were allocated into one of two groups: RA with FM and RA without FM. Ultrasound (US) and clinical scoring were blinded for the presence of FM. Medians and proportions were compared by Mann-Whitney's test and McNemar's test, respectively. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (r(s)) were calculated among clinical and US scores and differences were tested by r-to-z transformation test. Results Seventy-two women were included, out of 247 RA patients, mostly white, with median (IQR) age of 57.5 (49.3-66.8) years, with RA symptoms for 13.0 (6.0-19.0) years and FM symptoms for 6.0 (2.0-15.0) years. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and prednisone use was comparable between groups. Objective activity parameters were not different between groups. RA patients with FM had greater DAS28, SDAI and CDAI but similar GS-US7 and PD-US7. GS-US7 correlated with DAS28, SDAI and CDAI in patients with and without FM (r(s)=0.36-0.57), while PD-US7 correlated with clinical scores only in patients without FM (r(s)=0.35-0.38). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that ultrasound synovitis scores are not affected by FM in RA patients. PD-US7 performed better than GS-US7 in long-standing RA patients with DAS28, SDAI or CDAI allegedly overestimated due to FM. Since sonographic synovitis predicts erosion better than swollen joint count, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, US should be considered a promising treatment target in RA patients with FM.