Diet-dependent acid load and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma: a case-control study

Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and second most prevalent cancer in men and women, respectively. Various epidemiological studies indicated that dietary factors are implicated in the aetiology of CRC and its precursor, colorectal adenomas (CRA). Recently, much attention has been given to the role of acid-base balance in the development of chronic diseases including cancers. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to examine the association of diet-dependent acid load and the risk of CRC and CRA. Design: In this case-control study, potential renal acid load (PRAL) was computed based on dietary intake of participants assessed via a validated FFQ. Negative PRAL values indicated a base-forming potential, while positive values of PRAL implied acid-forming potential of diet. Logistic regression was used to derive OR and 95 % CI after adjusting for confounders. Setting: Tehran, Iran. Participants: A total of 499 participants aged 30-70 years were included in the study (240 hospital controls, 129 newly diagnosed CRC and 130 newly diagnosed CRA). The current study was conducted between December 2016 and September 2018. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, a higher PRAL was associated with increased odds of CRC and CRA. The highest v. the lowest tertile of PRAL for CRC and CRA was OR 4 center dot 82 (95 % CI 2 center dot 51-9 center dot 25) and OR 2 center dot 47 (95 % CI 1 center dot 38-4 center dot 42), respectively. Conclusions: The findings of the current study suggested that higher diet-dependent acid load is associated with higher risk of CRC and CRA.