Characterization of aerosols containing Zn, Pb, and Cl from an industrial region of Mexico City

被引:122
作者
Moffet, Ryan C. [2 ,3 ]
Desyaterik, Yury [1 ]
Hopkins, Rebecca J. [3 ]
Tivanski, Alexei V. [3 ]
Gilles, Mary K. [3 ]
Wang, Y. [2 ]
Shutthanandan, V. [1 ]
Molina, Luisa T. [4 ,5 ]
Abraham, Rodrigo Gonzalez [4 ]
Johnson, Kirsten S. [5 ]
Mugica, Violeta [6 ]
Molina, Mario J.
Laskin, Alexander [1 ]
Prather, Kimberly A. [2 ]
机构
[1] Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA
[2] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
[3] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
[4] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm MCE2, La Jolla, CA USA
[5] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[6] Univ Autonoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco, Mexico City 02200, DF, Mexico
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
D O I
10.1021/es7030483
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Recent ice core measurements show lead concentrations increasing since 1970, suggesting new nonautomobile-related sources of Pb are becoming important worldwide (1). Developing a full understanding of the major sources of Pb and other metals is critical to controlling these emissions. During the March, 2006 MILAGRO campaign, single particle measurements in Mexico City revealed the frequent appearance of particles internally mixed with Zn, Pb, Cl, and P. Pb concentrations were as high as 1.14 mu g/m(3) in PM10 and 0.76 mu g/m(3) in PM2.5. Real time measurements were used to select time periods of interest to perform off line analysis to obtain detailed aerosol speciation. Many Zn-rich particles had needle-like structures and were found to be composed of ZnO and/or Zn(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O. The internally mixed Pb-Zn-Cl particles represented as much as 73% of the fine mode particles (by number) in the morning hours between 2-5 am. The Pb-Zn-Cl particles were primarily in the submicrometer size range and typically mixed with elemental carbon suggesting a combustion source. The unique single particle chemical associations measured in this study closely match signatures indicative of waste incineration. Our findings also show these industrial emissions play an important role in heterogeneous processing of NO, species. Primary emissions of metal and sodium chloride particles emitted by the same source underwent heterogeneous transformations into nitrate particles as soon as photochemical production of nitric acid began each day at similar to 7 am.
引用
收藏
页码:7091 / 7097
页数:7
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