Internal audit of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for radical cystectomy

Purpose To perform an internal audit 5 years after implementation of our enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for patients undergoing radical cystectomy and to investigate the importance of physician driven compliance on outcomes. Methods Using a prospectively maintained database, 472 consecutive patients were identified who underwent radical cystectomy with ERAS from July 2013 to July 2017. Compliance was measured by a Composite Compliance Score (CCS) generated as a percentage of 16 interventions. Patients with higher than median compliance were compared to patients with lower compliance. The primary outcome was length of stay. Secondary outcomes included complication and readmission rates. Multivariable regressions were used to control for differences between groups. Results In 2013, median CCS was 81% and subsequently ranged from 81 to 88%. Five-year median CCS was 88%. Patients with higher compliance (CCS >= 88%, n = 262), as compared to those with lower compliance (CCS < 88%, n = 210), were younger (median 70.3 vs 72.7 years, p = 0.047), healthier (ASA3-4 81% vs 89.9%, p = 0.007), received more orthotopic diversions (59.2% vs 37.6%, p < 0.0001), more often had open surgery (78.5% vs 51.9%, p < 0.0001) and had shorter median operative times (5.5 vs 6.3 h, p = 0.005). Median length of stay was 4 days. Higher compliance was associated with shorter hospital stays (beta = - 0.85, 95% CI - 1.62 to - 0.07) and decreased 30-day readmissions (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.96). Conclusions Greater ERAS compliance was achieved in younger and healthier patients. Patients with greater compliance had a decreased length of stay by almost 1 day and reduced odds of 30-day readmissions.